Small structures: effective strategies for realizing high open circuit voltage perovskite solar cells: crystal growth regulation, defect passivation, energy band regulation

Due to its excellent photoelectric properties metal halide perovskite has attracted great attention in the photovoltaic field. In the past decade the energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been increasing from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.5% in 2020 gradually approaching the highest theoretical efficiency of 32% predicted by the theoretical model. For solar cells the energy conversion efficiency mainly depends on three important parameters: short circuit current open circuit voltage fill factor. Compared with the short-circuit current which has been difficult to continue to improve the key to continue to improve the performance of such photovoltaic devices is how to reduce the loss of open circuit voltage. In terms of material device physics the open circuit voltage loss of perovskite solar cells mainly comes from the non radiative recombination caused by various defects the energy b mismatch between functional layers. To solve this problem Dr. Chen Peng Dr. Bai Yang of Professor Wang Lianzhou of University of Queensl Australia systematically summarized the key strategies to reduce the open circuit voltage loss of perovskite solar cells from the perspectives of crystal growth regulation defect passivation energy b regulation discussed the existing challenges corresponding feasible solutions in this field It provides a new research idea to improve the device performance.

this review first discusses how to control the crystal growth process of polycrystalline Perovskite Thin Films through the composition of precursor solution spin coating process to inhibit the formation of internal defects in perovskite grains so as to reduce the open circuit voltage loss of devices. As well as additives with small molecular defects such as perovskite halogenate can effectively enhance the open circuit voltage of devices. Secondly the post-treatment of perovskite films especially the organic amine halides can greatly inhibit the non radiative recombination of carriers at the interface of the transport layer so as to achieve higher open circuit voltage. At the same time the use of electron hole transport layer matching with the energy b of the perovskite layer is also the necessary guarantee to achieve high open circuit voltage. In addition to the reported effective strategies this review also looks forward to further reducing the voltage loss in Perovskite Thin film crystal at grain boundary surface at the interface of functional layer puts forward some feasible schemes such as rapid screening of efficient passivators by machine learning control of crystallization rate by mesophase Engineering accurate anchoring of energy b position by new testing methods etc One step to improve the energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

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